hwoutils.conversions ==================== .. py:module:: hwoutils.conversions .. autoapi-nested-parse:: Unit conversion functions using centralized constants. Pure JAX implementations — no astropy dependency. Functions are intentionally NOT JIT-compiled so JAX can fuse them into larger computation graphs. Attributes ---------- .. autoapisummary:: hwoutils.conversions.SPHERICAL_TO_GEOMETRIC_ALBEDO_LAMBERTIAN Functions --------- .. autoapisummary:: hwoutils.conversions.jy_to_photons_per_nm_per_m2 hwoutils.conversions.photons_per_nm_per_m2_to_jy hwoutils.conversions.mag_per_arcsec2_to_jy_per_arcsec2 hwoutils.conversions.nm_to_um hwoutils.conversions.um_to_nm hwoutils.conversions.nm_to_wavenumber_cm hwoutils.conversions.wavenumber_cm_to_nm hwoutils.conversions.au_to_m hwoutils.conversions.m_to_au hwoutils.conversions.Rearth_to_m hwoutils.conversions.au_per_yr_to_m_per_s hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_rad hwoutils.conversions.rad_to_arcsec hwoutils.conversions.mas_to_arcsec hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_mas hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_lambda_d hwoutils.conversions.lambda_d_to_arcsec hwoutils.conversions.Msun_to_kg hwoutils.conversions.Mearth_to_kg hwoutils.conversions.au_to_arcsec hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_au hwoutils.conversions.years_to_days hwoutils.conversions.days_to_years hwoutils.conversions.is_leap_year hwoutils.conversions.days_in_year hwoutils.conversions.gregorian_to_jd hwoutils.conversions.jd_to_decimal_year hwoutils.conversions.decimal_year_to_jd hwoutils.conversions.spherical_to_geometric_albedo hwoutils.conversions.geometric_to_spherical_albedo Module Contents --------------- .. py:function:: jy_to_photons_per_nm_per_m2(flux_jy, wavelength_nm) Convert flux density from Janskys to photons/s/nm/m². Args: flux_jy: Flux density in Janskys. wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. Returns: Flux density in photons/s/nm/m². .. py:function:: photons_per_nm_per_m2_to_jy(flux_phot, wavelength_nm) Convert flux density from photons/s/nm/m² to Janskys. Args: flux_phot: Flux density in photons/s/nm/m². wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. Returns: Flux density in Janskys. .. py:function:: mag_per_arcsec2_to_jy_per_arcsec2(mag_per_arcsec2) Convert surface brightness from mag/arcsec² to Jy/arcsec² (AB). Args: mag_per_arcsec2: Surface brightness in magnitudes per arcsec². Returns: Surface brightness in Jy/arcsec². .. py:function:: nm_to_um(length_nm) Convert nanometers to micrometers. .. py:function:: um_to_nm(length_um) Convert micrometers to nanometers. .. py:function:: nm_to_wavenumber_cm(wavelength_nm) Convert wavelength [nm] to wavenumber [cm^-1] (nu = 1 / lambda). Args: wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. Returns: Wavenumber in inverse centimeters. .. py:function:: wavenumber_cm_to_nm(wavenumber_cm) Convert wavenumber [cm^-1] to wavelength [nm]. Args: wavenumber_cm: Wavenumber in inverse centimeters. Returns: Wavelength in nanometers. .. py:function:: au_to_m(length_au) Convert AU to meters. .. py:function:: m_to_au(length_m) Convert meters to AU. .. py:function:: Rearth_to_m(length_Rearth) Convert Earth radii to meters. .. py:function:: au_per_yr_to_m_per_s(velocity_au_per_yr) Convert AU/yr to m/s. .. py:function:: arcsec_to_rad(angle_arcsec) Convert arcseconds to radians. .. py:function:: rad_to_arcsec(angle_rad) Convert radians to arcseconds. .. py:function:: mas_to_arcsec(angle_mas) Convert milliarcseconds to arcseconds. .. py:function:: arcsec_to_mas(angle_arcsec) Convert arcseconds to milliarcseconds. .. py:function:: arcsec_to_lambda_d(angle_arcsec, wavelength_nm, diameter_m) Convert angular separation to lambda/D units. Args: angle_arcsec: Angular separation in arcseconds. wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. diameter_m: Telescope diameter in meters. Returns: Angular separation in lambda/D. .. py:function:: lambda_d_to_arcsec(angle_lambda_d, wavelength_nm, diameter_m) Convert lambda/D units to angular separation in arcseconds. Args: angle_lambda_d: Angular separation in lambda/D. wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. diameter_m: Telescope diameter in meters. Returns: Angular separation in arcseconds. .. py:function:: Msun_to_kg(mass_solar) Convert solar masses to kilograms. .. py:function:: Mearth_to_kg(mass_earth) Convert Earth masses to kilograms. .. py:function:: au_to_arcsec(distance_au, distance_pc) Convert physical distance in AU to angular separation. Args: distance_au: Physical distance in AU. distance_pc: Distance to system in parsecs. Returns: Angular separation in arcseconds. .. py:function:: arcsec_to_au(angle_arcsec, distance_pc) Convert angular separation to physical distance. Args: angle_arcsec: Angular separation in arcseconds. distance_pc: Distance to system in parsecs. Returns: Physical distance in AU. .. py:function:: years_to_days(time_years) Convert years to days. .. py:function:: days_to_years(time_days) Convert days to years. .. py:function:: is_leap_year(year) Determine if a year is a leap year. Args: year: The year to check. Returns: True if the year is a leap year. .. py:function:: days_in_year(year) Return the number of days in a year (365 or 366). Args: year: The year to check. Returns: Number of days. .. py:function:: gregorian_to_jd(year, month, day) Convert a Gregorian date to a Julian day. Args: year: The year. month: The month. day: The day. Returns: The Julian day. .. py:function:: jd_to_decimal_year(jd) Convert a Julian day to a decimal year. Args: jd: The Julian day. Returns: The decimal year. .. py:function:: decimal_year_to_jd(decimal_year) Convert a decimal year to a Julian day. Args: decimal_year: The decimal year. Returns: The Julian day. .. py:data:: SPHERICAL_TO_GEOMETRIC_ALBEDO_LAMBERTIAN :type: float :value: 0.6666666666666666 .. py:function:: spherical_to_geometric_albedo(A_S) Convert spherical albedo to geometric albedo (Lambertian sphere). Args: A_S: Spherical (Bond) albedo, dimensionless. Returns: Geometric albedo A_g, dimensionless. Notes: Exact for a uniformly Lambertian-reflecting sphere (Seager 2010, eq 3.36): A_g = (2/3) * A_S. For atmospheres with anisotropic scattering (Mie clouds, etc.) the actual A_g / A_S ratio depends on the scattering phase function; this is the leading-order approximation that the ExoJaxPhysicalModel uses to convert its 2-stream plane-parallel reflectivity to a disk-integrated geometric albedo. .. py:function:: geometric_to_spherical_albedo(A_g) Convert geometric albedo to spherical albedo (Lambertian sphere). Inverse of :func:`spherical_to_geometric_albedo`: A_S = (3/2) * A_g.