hwoutils.conversions

hwoutils.conversions#

Unit conversion functions using centralized constants.

Pure JAX implementations — no astropy dependency. Functions are intentionally NOT JIT-compiled so JAX can fuse them into larger computation graphs.

Attributes#

SPHERICAL_TO_GEOMETRIC_ALBEDO_LAMBERTIAN

Functions#

`jy_to_photons_per_nm_per_m2`(flux_jy, wavelength_nm)	Convert flux density from Janskys to photons/s/nm/m².
`photons_per_nm_per_m2_to_jy`(flux_phot, wavelength_nm)	Convert flux density from photons/s/nm/m² to Janskys.
`mag_per_arcsec2_to_jy_per_arcsec2`(mag_per_arcsec2)	Convert surface brightness from mag/arcsec² to Jy/arcsec² (AB).
`nm_to_um`(length_nm)	Convert nanometers to micrometers.
`um_to_nm`(length_um)	Convert micrometers to nanometers.
`nm_to_wavenumber_cm`(wavelength_nm)	Convert wavelength [nm] to wavenumber [cm^-1] (nu = 1 / lambda).
`wavenumber_cm_to_nm`(wavenumber_cm)	Convert wavenumber [cm^-1] to wavelength [nm].
`au_to_m`(length_au)	Convert AU to meters.
`m_to_au`(length_m)	Convert meters to AU.
`Rearth_to_m`(length_Rearth)	Convert Earth radii to meters.
`au_per_yr_to_m_per_s`(velocity_au_per_yr)	Convert AU/yr to m/s.
`arcsec_to_rad`(angle_arcsec)	Convert arcseconds to radians.
`rad_to_arcsec`(angle_rad)	Convert radians to arcseconds.
`mas_to_arcsec`(angle_mas)	Convert milliarcseconds to arcseconds.
`arcsec_to_mas`(angle_arcsec)	Convert arcseconds to milliarcseconds.
`arcsec_to_lambda_d`(angle_arcsec, wavelength_nm, diameter_m)	Convert angular separation to lambda/D units.
`lambda_d_to_arcsec`(angle_lambda_d, wavelength_nm, ...)	Convert lambda/D units to angular separation in arcseconds.
`Msun_to_kg`(mass_solar)	Convert solar masses to kilograms.
`Mearth_to_kg`(mass_earth)	Convert Earth masses to kilograms.
`au_to_arcsec`(distance_au, distance_pc)	Convert physical distance in AU to angular separation.
`arcsec_to_au`(angle_arcsec, distance_pc)	Convert angular separation to physical distance.
`years_to_days`(time_years)	Convert years to days.
`days_to_years`(time_days)	Convert days to years.
`is_leap_year`(year)	Determine if a year is a leap year.
`days_in_year`(year)	Return the number of days in a year (365 or 366).
`gregorian_to_jd`(year, month, day)	Convert a Gregorian date to a Julian day.
`jd_to_decimal_year`(jd)	Convert a Julian day to a decimal year.
`decimal_year_to_jd`(decimal_year)	Convert a decimal year to a Julian day.
`spherical_to_geometric_albedo`(A_S)	Convert spherical albedo to geometric albedo (Lambertian sphere).
`geometric_to_spherical_albedo`(A_g)	Convert geometric albedo to spherical albedo (Lambertian sphere).

Module Contents#

hwoutils.conversions.jy_to_photons_per_nm_per_m2(flux_jy, wavelength_nm)[source]#

Convert flux density from Janskys to photons/s/nm/m².

Args:: flux_jy: Flux density in Janskys. wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers.
Returns:: Flux density in photons/s/nm/m².

hwoutils.conversions.photons_per_nm_per_m2_to_jy(flux_phot, wavelength_nm)[source]#

Convert flux density from photons/s/nm/m² to Janskys.

Args:: flux_phot: Flux density in photons/s/nm/m². wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers.
Returns:: Flux density in Janskys.

hwoutils.conversions.mag_per_arcsec2_to_jy_per_arcsec2(mag_per_arcsec2)[source]#

Convert surface brightness from mag/arcsec² to Jy/arcsec² (AB).

Args:: mag_per_arcsec2: Surface brightness in magnitudes per arcsec².
Returns:: Surface brightness in Jy/arcsec².

hwoutils.conversions.nm_to_um(length_nm)[source]#: Convert nanometers to micrometers.

hwoutils.conversions.um_to_nm(length_um)[source]#: Convert micrometers to nanometers.

hwoutils.conversions.nm_to_wavenumber_cm(wavelength_nm)[source]#

Convert wavelength [nm] to wavenumber [cm^-1] (nu = 1 / lambda).

Args:: wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers.
Returns:: Wavenumber in inverse centimeters.

hwoutils.conversions.wavenumber_cm_to_nm(wavenumber_cm)[source]#

Convert wavenumber [cm^-1] to wavelength [nm].

Args:: wavenumber_cm: Wavenumber in inverse centimeters.
Returns:: Wavelength in nanometers.

hwoutils.conversions.au_to_m(length_au)[source]#: Convert AU to meters.

hwoutils.conversions.m_to_au(length_m)[source]#: Convert meters to AU.

hwoutils.conversions.Rearth_to_m(length_Rearth)[source]#: Convert Earth radii to meters.

hwoutils.conversions.au_per_yr_to_m_per_s(velocity_au_per_yr)[source]#: Convert AU/yr to m/s.

hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_rad(angle_arcsec)[source]#: Convert arcseconds to radians.

hwoutils.conversions.rad_to_arcsec(angle_rad)[source]#: Convert radians to arcseconds.

hwoutils.conversions.mas_to_arcsec(angle_mas)[source]#: Convert milliarcseconds to arcseconds.

hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_mas(angle_arcsec)[source]#: Convert arcseconds to milliarcseconds.

hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_lambda_d(angle_arcsec, wavelength_nm, diameter_m)[source]#

Convert angular separation to lambda/D units.

Args:: angle_arcsec: Angular separation in arcseconds. wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. diameter_m: Telescope diameter in meters.
Returns:: Angular separation in lambda/D.

hwoutils.conversions.lambda_d_to_arcsec(angle_lambda_d, wavelength_nm, diameter_m)[source]#

Convert lambda/D units to angular separation in arcseconds.

Args:: angle_lambda_d: Angular separation in lambda/D. wavelength_nm: Wavelength in nanometers. diameter_m: Telescope diameter in meters.
Returns:: Angular separation in arcseconds.

hwoutils.conversions.Msun_to_kg(mass_solar)[source]#: Convert solar masses to kilograms.

hwoutils.conversions.Mearth_to_kg(mass_earth)[source]#: Convert Earth masses to kilograms.

hwoutils.conversions.au_to_arcsec(distance_au, distance_pc)[source]#

Convert physical distance in AU to angular separation.

Args:: distance_au: Physical distance in AU. distance_pc: Distance to system in parsecs.
Returns:: Angular separation in arcseconds.

hwoutils.conversions.arcsec_to_au(angle_arcsec, distance_pc)[source]#

Convert angular separation to physical distance.

Args:: angle_arcsec: Angular separation in arcseconds. distance_pc: Distance to system in parsecs.
Returns:: Physical distance in AU.

hwoutils.conversions.years_to_days(time_years)[source]#: Convert years to days.

hwoutils.conversions.days_to_years(time_days)[source]#: Convert days to years.

hwoutils.conversions.is_leap_year(year)[source]#

Determine if a year is a leap year.

Args:: year: The year to check.
Returns:: True if the year is a leap year.

hwoutils.conversions.days_in_year(year)[source]#

Return the number of days in a year (365 or 366).

Args:: year: The year to check.
Returns:: Number of days.

hwoutils.conversions.gregorian_to_jd(year, month, day)[source]#

Convert a Gregorian date to a Julian day.

Args:: year: The year. month: The month. day: The day.
Returns:: The Julian day.

hwoutils.conversions.jd_to_decimal_year(jd)[source]#

Convert a Julian day to a decimal year.

Args:: jd: The Julian day.
Returns:: The decimal year.

hwoutils.conversions.decimal_year_to_jd(decimal_year)[source]#

Convert a decimal year to a Julian day.

Args:: decimal_year: The decimal year.
Returns:: The Julian day.

hwoutils.conversions.SPHERICAL_TO_GEOMETRIC_ALBEDO_LAMBERTIAN: float = 0.6666666666666666#

hwoutils.conversions.spherical_to_geometric_albedo(A_S)[source]#

Convert spherical albedo to geometric albedo (Lambertian sphere).

Args:: A_S: Spherical (Bond) albedo, dimensionless.
Returns:: Geometric albedo A_g, dimensionless.
Notes:: Exact for a uniformly Lambertian-reflecting sphere (Seager 2010, eq 3.36): A_g = (2/3) * A_S. For atmospheres with anisotropic scattering (Mie clouds, etc.) the actual A_g / A_S ratio depends on the scattering phase function; this is the leading-order approximation that the ExoJaxPhysicalModel uses to convert its 2-stream plane-parallel reflectivity to a disk-integrated geometric albedo.

hwoutils.conversions.geometric_to_spherical_albedo(A_g)[source]#

Convert geometric albedo to spherical albedo (Lambertian sphere).

Inverse of spherical_to_geometric_albedo(): A_S = (3/2) * A_g.